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Can a Court Reject a Plaint by Considering the Defendant’s Defence?
Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 | Order VII Rule 11
No. While deciding an application for rejection of plaint under Order VII Rule 11, the Court must examine the plaint as a whole, along with the documents relied upon by the plaintiff. The defendant’s written statement or defence materials cannot ordinarily be considered to determine whether the plaint discloses a cause of action or is barred by law.
DID YOU KNOW?
The Supreme Court has clarified that even a cleverly drafted plaint can be rejected if a meaningful reading reveals that it is manifestly meritless or legally barred. Courts must examine substance rather than merely the form of pleadings.
PRACTICAL SIGNIFICANCE
For advocates, an application under Order VII Rule 11 must demonstrate a statutory ground for rejection from the plaint itself. A defence requiring evidence or adjudication of disputed facts ordinarily cannot be converted into a threshold rejection proceeding.
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